Algunos de estos verbos parecen un poco más complicados de usar que ‘decir’ y ‘contar’, pero es sólo una cuestión de conocer los patrones de conjugación y las estructuras del verbo en cuestión.
Como seguramente sabes, a menudo podemos usar ‘that’ o no en inglés. Lo hemos puesto entre comillas para mostrar que es opcional, el significado es exactamente el mismo si usas that o no.
Veamos algunos verbos
SAY
Veamos primero los verbos que ya hemos mencionado. El patrón de conjugación básica para el uso de ‘decir’ para su forma indirecta es:
say + (that) + clause
She said (that) she had already eaten.
La misma expresión en su forma directa es “Ya he comido”
TELL
Por otro lado, con ‘Contar’ necesitamos usar un complemento, una persona que nos de la información.
tell + someone + (that) + clause
I told John (that) I had seen the new film.
La misma expresión para decir esto en su forma directa es “He visto la nueva película”.
Cuando estamos dando órdenes, también podemos utilizar otro patrón con ‘Tell’
tell + someone + to + infinitive
She told the children to go to bed.
ASK
Utilizamos ‘ASK’ en preguntas o peticiones, para preguntas utilizamos el patrón:
ask + someone + if / question word + clause
I asked my boss if I could leave early.
She asked them where the station was.
Para las peticiones utilizamos el patrón:
ask + someone + to + infinitive
I asked Lucy to pass me the salt.
Existen otros verbos que siguen patrones distintos, pero me temo que no hay ninguna regla acerca de ellos así que es necesario aprenderlos de memoria.
ADVISE
(Dar consejos)
Advise + someone + to + infinitive
She advised him to see a doctor.
Advise + (that) + clause
The staff advise that you carry water at all times.
Advise + against + verb-ing
I’d advise against leaving early.
AGREE
Agree + to + infinitive
We agreed to meet the following day.
Agree + (that) + clause
I agreed that the children could do their homework later.
APOLOGISE
Apologise + (to + someone) + for + verb-ing
They apologised to us for being late.
She apologised for forgetting the book.
Apologise (+ to + someone) + for + noun
She apologised for the delay.
DECIDE
Decide + to + infinitive
They decided to go to the cinema.
Decide + (that) + clause
They decided that they would go to the cinema.
ENCOURAGE
Encourage + someone + to + infinitive
She encouraged him to take the exam again.
The teacher encouraged the students to ask questions.
EXPLAIN
Explain + (that) + clause
The teacher explained that the course was finished.
Explain + noun + to + someone
She explained the grammar to the students.
NOT: She explained me the grammar.
Explain + question word + to + infinitive
They explained how to buy a train ticket on the internet.
John explained where to find the restaurant.
Explain + question word + clause
We explained what the exams would cover.
INSIST
Insist + on + verb-ing
He insisted on paying.
Insist + (that) + clause
He insisted that we sit down.
PROMISE
Promise + to + infinitive
He promised to arrive early.
Promise + (someone) + (that) + clause
I promised him that I wouldn’t do it again.
RECOMMEND
Recommend + verb-ing
I recommend visiting the British Museum while you’re in London.
Recommend + (that) + clause
I recommend that you visit the British Museum
REMIND
Remind + someone + to + infinitive
She reminded him to take his keys.
Remind + someone + (that) + clause
They reminded me that there is a party tonight.
SUGGEST
Suggest + verb-ing
I suggest leaving soon
Suggest + (that) + clause
I suggest that you come as soon as you can.
NOT: I suggest him to come.
WARN
Warn + someone + (not) + to + infinitive
I warned them not to go in the water.
Warn + someone + about + something
She warned us about the dangerous roads.
Negatives
Atentos a la conjugación de los verbos
When there’s a clause, we make the negative in the usual way: She said that she didn’t like ice cream.
When there’s ‘to + infinitive’, we generally put ‘not’ before ‘to’: He promised not to do it again.
When there’s ‘verb-ing’, we generally put ‘not’ in front of it: I advise not taking the bus.
Advanced Point
En inglés formal, algunos verbos que van seguidos de ‘(that) + clause’ usan el infinitivo en lugar del verbo en tiempo presente.
La forma del presente simple en inglés es a menudo la misma que la infinitiva. Pero cuando el sujeto es ‘he’, ‘she’ o ‘it’ o cuando el verbo es ‘to be’, lo vemos a continuación:
I advise that he go to bed early. (Normally we’d expect: I advise that he goes to bed early.)
I insist that she come now. (Normally we’d expect: I insist that she comes now.)
They suggested that the cats be put in the garden for the night. (Normally we’d expect: They suggested that the cats are put in the garden for the night.)
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